Travel Health Turkey

No special inoculations are required for Turkey, although jabs against tetanus, diphtheria, polio, measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) and chickenpox are advisable. Cautious travelers might want typhoid jabs, particularly for eastern Anatolia. Some visitors also get injections against hepatitis A and B, for which the risk is possibly greater in Istanbul than in rural areas. Malaria is theoretically a seasonal (April–July) problem between Adana and Mardin, especially in areas irrigated by the Southeastern Anatolia Project. However, for brief visits you shouldn’t need prophylactic drugs. For up-to-date advice, consult a travel clinic.

Bites and stings

Mosquitoes are sometimes a problem, and since no good topical repellents are available locally, you should bring your own. At night, mozzies are deterred with locally sold incense coils (spiral tütsü) or an Esem Mat, a small, electrified tray that slowly vaporizes an odourless disc. Hotels and pansiyons in heavily infested areas often have mosquito screens on the windows.

Jellyfish are an occasional hazard along the Aegean shore, and they are ubiquitous in the Bosphorus and Sea of Marmara (though they aren’t such a problem around the Princes’ Islands). Sea urchins, whose spines easily detach if trodden on, are more common; the splinters must be removed to prevent infection. Snakes and scorpions can lurk among the stones at archaeological sites, and in nooks and crannies of ground-floor accommodations. There are two kinds of vipers (engerek in Turkish): the deadly, metre-long Ottoman viper, fortunately rare, and the smaller, more common and less dangerous asp viper. Neither is particularly aggressive unless disturbed; both are most commonly seen during mild spring days.

Certain ticks in Turkey carry the Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, with hundreds of cases (and fatalities in two figures) annually, though the danger seems confined to rural areas of several provinces between Ankara and the Black Sea.

Although rare (one to two cases per year), rabies is another potential danger. Be wary of any animal that bites, scratches or licks you, particularly if it’s behaving erratically. If you do suspect you have been bitten by a rabid animal, wash the wound thoroughly (preferably with iodine) and seek medical attention immediately. Turkish cities are full of stray cats and dogs; dogs with a tag in their ear have been inoculated against rabies and other diseases and put back on the street with the blessing of the local authority.

Contraception and female hygiene

International brands of birth control pills (doğum kontrol hapıları) are sold at pharmacies. Condoms (preservatif) are sold in most pharmacies and also supermarkets like Migros; don’t buy off street carts, where stock may be tampered with or expired. Tampons are available from pharmacies and supermarkets at UK prices; Orkid is the domestic brand of sanitary towels.

COVID-19

Turkey suffered as much as anywhere from the COVID-19 pandemic that took the world by storm early in 2020. At the time of writing all restrictions within the country had been removed, although the official advice was still to wear a mask in crowded indoor places and on transportation. Check the current status before you travel.

Medical treatment

Minor complaints can be dealt with at a pharmacy (eczane); even the smallest town will have one. Turkish pharmacists may speak some English or German, and dispense medicines that would ordinarily require a prescription at home. Prices for locally produced medicines are low, but it may be difficult to find exact equivalents to your home prescription. Pharmacies are usually open Monday to Saturday 7am–7pm and closed on Sundays, but take turns to be a Nöbet(ci) (Duty) pharmacy. Each town or city will have one or more chemists open at night and on a Sunday; a duty roster is posted in Turkish in every chemist’s front window. Note that there are usually several pharmacies near major hospitals, one of which is often the Nöbet(ci) pharmacy.

For more serious conditions, go to one of the public clinics (sağlık ocağı), or a hospital (hastane), indicated by a blue street sign with a large white ‘H’ on it. Hospitals are either public (Devlet Hastane or SSK Hastanesi) or private (Özel Hastane). In terms of cutting bureaucracy and speed of treatment, a private hospital is far better, especially as many of the major ones have an English- (and often other languages) speaking assistant whose job is to deal with foreigners. Fees are lower than in northern Europe and North America but still substantial enough to make insurance cover essential (there are no reciprocal healthcare arrangements between Turkey and the UK or EU). The medical faculties of major universities – eg Istanbul, İzmir, Edirne, Antalya and Bursa – also have teaching hospitals, which are infinitely better than the state hospitals, but usually less expensive than the private ones. If you’re on a package tour, the better companies will have arrangements with competent, English-speaking doctors and dentists in or near the resort. In a medical emergency, summon an ambulance by dialling 112.

Stomach upsets and drinking water

Many visitors experience bouts of diarrhoea, especially on longer stays. If you do get struck down, note that Lomotil or Imodium (trade names for diphenoxylate) are easily available in Turkey. They allow you to travel without constantly running to the bathroom, but do not kill the bug that ails you, as they slow down the process of flushing it out. Buscopan, also sold locally, is particularly good for stomach cramps, while Ge-Oral powder dissolved in pure water is an effective rehydration remedy. Turkish tap water is usually drinkable, but it tastes strongly of chlorine, so travelers usually prefer to stick to bottled water, especially in Istanbul where the water is particularly chlorinated. Rural springs are labelled içilir, içilbelir or içme suyu (all meaning ‘potable’), or içilmez (not drinkable).

Particularly during the hot summer months, serious food poisoning is a possibility – even in the biggest cities and resorts, and especially in southeastern Turkey. In restaurants, avoid dishes that look as if they have been standing around, and make sure meat and fish are well grilled. Don’t, whatever you do, eat stuffed mussels in summer. If you’re struck down, try to let the bug run its course and drink lots of fluids; eating plain white rice and yoghurt also helps. Stubborn cases will need a course of antibiotics, for example, Flagyl (metronidazole), which is effective against giardia and protozoans as well as certain bacteria; pharmacists are trained to recognize symptoms, and you don’t need a prescription.